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I am a provider, and simply want to comment on this subject because it is one I have given a good deal of thought to and would like to be able to find a solution if there is any, and also be understood. First of all, I have never posted and then not answered, I get many calls instantly and very rarely have time to respond to them all, usually within the first two or three calls I am off to an appointment. Its not easy keeping the names and numbers straight, or the requests. Each time I post its a certainty the first few calls will be returned, then I look back well into the day to see if any of my regulars #'s have called, and then I look to see if there is anyone who has left an open time frame in which they want to be contacted regardless. My goal usually is to establish as much repeat business as possible so anyone I've seen once usually has preference over someone new, mostly for safety and satisfaction I choose this way. If you are a local or visitor who feels frustrated at not getting through, please set yourself apart by letting us know you are here regularly, can be contacted on a broader scale not just the next hour, most of us try not to take the chance I think, of calling back numbers much later because we dont know your situation. The more you tell us about yourself, the greater chance you will be responded to and satisfied yourself! The bottom line is set yourself apart,(how do you set yourself apart???)the call frequency, the offer you may propo$e, or just sharing more information about yourself) set yourself apart like we try to from one another, you will see better results I guarantee. I know you like us to work as INDEPENDENT, so try to understand this juggling act is part of doin it ourselves, thanks
Posted 2008/04/05
Wednesday, April 02, 2008
State by State Expungements7:41 AM [Factored from [[State by State Expungements]]] Garnet - 1 changes - 288 hits
States have laws that give you the right to inspect and make a copy of your criminal records. You also have a right to challenge information in your criminal record. There are also laws in each state regarding the sealing of information about a non-conviction, and expungment, purging, or erasing, of conviction information. Here is a state by state list of the laws related to expungement of criminal records:
Q: I got busted for (possession/distribution/etc.) of marijuana in the State of (????). Can this conviction be expunged?
This is a complete question. The right to an expungement depends on the individual facts of the case. You can apply for a federal expungement, or you may need to apply for a state expungement. Your case needs to be carefully analyzed for eligibility.
Many people with a criminal record have been told State officials, attorneys and others that it is not possible to get an expungement or otherwise clear my record..
Why?
The have been given bad advice. The have been given a wrong answer. The reality is that the majority of attorneys have no experience in this area of the law for clearing up records. This is a specialty of law that has been ignored.
Expungement Books Quick List7:18 AM [Factored from [[Expungement Books Quick List]]] Anon - 1 changes - 324 hits
Waivers are not automatic, and they are not necessarily the same for all branches of the service. Each branch of the service has its own policy. In processing a waiver request, the recruiter or other appropriate official considers the “who, what, when, where, and why of the offense in question (1993 DoD directive E1. 2. 7. 2. 2). The following, among others, are relevant: the type and severity of the offense or offenses, the circumstances surrounding them, number of offenses, how long ago an offense was committed. Isolated cases of minor misdemeanors ordinarily do not bar enlistment. But several misdemeanors may bar enlistment because they may show a pattern of criminal activity.
A 1997 interim DoD policy barred all branches of the service from enlisting people convicted of any misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. We were unable to find DoD’s current policy, but our research suggests that all branches of the service currently follow this policy (see for example, Navy Recruiting Manual 1130. 8F § 2C-1d at http: //usmilitary. about. com/library/pdf/navrecruit. pdf and Air Force policy at http: //www. afpc. randolph. af. mil/cfa/Staffing/[HiringGuid]Create?/AF Policy Lautenberg Act 20Feb04. doc ).
The law defines a “misdemeanor crime of domestic violence” as any crime that has, as an element, the use or attempted use of physical force, or the threatened use of a deadly weapon and is committed by (1) a current or former spouse, parent, or guardian of the victim; (2) person with whom the victim has a child; or (3) a person cohabiting with, or who has cohabited with, the victim as a spouse, parent, or guardian (18 USC § 921(a)(33)). To qualify as a conviction, the person must have been represented by counsel or knowingly waived this right. If he had the right to a jury trial, he must have been tried by one or knowingly and intelligently waived this right (18 USC § 921(a)(33)).
Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior. Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning (also called respondent conditioning, or Pavlovian conditioning) in that operant conditioning deals with the modification of "voluntary behavior" or operant behavior. Operant behavior "operates" on the environment and is maintained by its consequences, while classical conditioning deals with the conditioning of respondent behaviors which are elicited by antecedent conditions. Behaviors conditioned via a classical conditioning procedure are not maintained by consequences
In B.F. Skinner's Science and Human Behavior he provides a survey of nine categories of self control methods.
Physical Restraint and physical aid
The manipulation of the environment to make some response easier to physically execute and others physically more difficult illustrates this principle. Clapping one's hand over your own mouth, placing your hands in your pockets to prevent fidgeting, using a 'bridge' hand position to steady a pool shot all represent physical methods to affect behavior.
Self Control is one of the personal characteristics of adulthood.
Self control is perceived in a few ways. One of which is philosophical and might be described as the exertion of one's own will on their personal self - their behaviors, actions, thought processes. Much of this comes from the individual's perception of self and the ability to set up boundaries for that self. Self-control can be expanded into several different areas, ranging from respect to willpower. Self-control is therefore centered in the ability of a person to exert their will over the inhibitions of their body or self.
A self in behavior analysis refers to a repertoire of behaviors typically under the control of a set of contingencies of reinforcement. One self may be of strong biological origin - for example our eating self. Another self may be of social origin, for example one that punishes us for over-eating. These two selves may contend in controlling the same response - eating - that sets the stage for self-control.
References:
Self-control as defined here is also known as impulse control or self regulation. Some psychologists prefer the term impulse control because it may be more precise. The term Self regulation is used to refer to the many processes individuals use to manage drives and emotions. Therefore, self regulation also embodies the concept of will power. Self Regulation is an extremely important executive function of the brain. Deficits in self control/regulation are found in a large number of psychological disorders including ADHD, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, addiction, eating disorders and impulse control disorders.
Although, technically, felonies can be waived, the services almost never do this. This is especially true if the crime involved sale of narcotics, sex crimes, or violence. Additionally, those convicted of "domestic violence," by federal law, are prohibited from owning or possessing firearms. That pretty much makes the individual worthless for military purposes, so such waivers are not likely to be approved.
Whether or not a waiver will be considered or approved depends on several factors, including the exact circumstances of the offense, how old the applicant was at the time, how long ago the offense occured, and how bad that particular military service needs that particular warm body at that particular point in time. In general, during years when the services are having few problems attracting qualified recruits, fewer waivers are considered and approved. During years when the services are having a difficult time finding enough qualified volunteers to meet their quotas, one can expect more waivers to be considered and approved.
One also needs to understand that the wavier approval process is somewhat subjective. What I mean by that is there is some human being (usually a commander), in the chain of command who will ultimately approve or disapprove the waiver request. If, for example, that person recently had their house burglarized, they are probably not going to feel very "generous" towards any waiver request involving burglary or theft.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CRIMES AND THE LAUTENBERG AMENDMENT
The Lautenberg amendment, which amended the 1968 Gun Control Act, makes it a felony to sell or otherwise dispose of firearms or ammunition to anyone whom the seller knows or reasonably believes has been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence (18 USC 922(d)(9)). It prohibits anyone convicted of such a crime from shipping or transporting in interstate or foreign commerce or possessing in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition; or receiving any firearm or ammunition that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce (18 USC §§ 922(d)(9) & (g)(9)). The law contains no exemption for armed forces’ personnel, almost of whom carry firearms.
In response to this amendment, DoD adopted an interim policy for armed forces personnel. Among other things, it prohibited any branch of the service from enlisting anyone convicted of a crime of domestic violence. We have been unable to find its current policy for people applying for enlistment. But it generally prohibits assigning enlisted personnel with unexpunged domestic violence convictions to any position that includes duties covered by the Gun Control Act (i. e. , carrying, possessing, shipping, or transporting firearms).
Federal law sets some of the criteria for enlisting in the armed services; the Department of Defense (DoD) sets others. Federal law bars people from enlisting if they have been convicted of any felony, unless granted a waiver by the secretary of defense (10 USC § 504). (In practice the secretary does not review all waiver requests but they are all subject to review according to DoD policy. ) DoD requires enlistees to be of good moral character. The underlying purpose of the moral character enlistment standard, according to DoD, is to disqualify people likely to become disciplinary cases or security risks or disrupt good order, morale, and discipline (DoD directive 1304. 26, Dec. 21, 1993). Under this standard, people cannot enlist if they (1) are under any form of judicial restraint (e. g. , bond, probation, imprisonment, or parole) or have significant criminal records. DoD policy, like the federal law, allows waivers in meritorious cases.
Felons are NOT allowed into the military any more than Family Violence Offenders due to the Lautenburg Amendment to the Gun control act of 1968
The Act bans shipment, transport, ownership and use of guns or ammunition by individuals convicted of misdemeanor or felony domestic violence, or who is under a restraining (protection) order for domestic abuse. The Act also makes it unlawful to sell or give a firearm or ammunition to such person.
In the Christian context, Paul describes self-control in the epistle to the Galatians (5:22), as one of the fruits of the Spirit. In the epistle addressed to Titus (2:6) he instructs to 'Urge the younger men to be self controlled.' The Apostle Peter describes an increase in self control as fundamental to the salvation of a Christian (2 Peter 1:5-8).
In the language of 2 Peter 1:5–7, God’s people are to supplement faith with virtue, virtue with knowledge, knowledge with self-control, self-control with steadfastness, steadfastness with godliness, godliness with brotherly affection, and affection with love. The fundamental reason for the “more” of these texts is the inexhaustible nature and challenge of Christ’s love, not the power of sin to render believers impotent to truly effect the good.
So with the great majority of the best and noblest men of all ages. Read the history of Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph; of Moses, David, and Elisha. Study the lives of men of later times who have most worthily filled positions of trust and responsibility. {AH 134.1}
How many of these were reared in country homes. They knew little of luxury. They did not spend their youth in amusement. Many were forced to struggle with poverty and hardship. They early learned to work, and their active life in the open air gave vigor and elasticity to all their faculties. Forced to depend upon their own resources, they learned to combat difficulties and to surmount obstacles, and they gained courage and perseverance. They learned the lessons of self-reliance and self-control. Sheltered in a great degree from evil associations, they were satisfied with natural pleasures and wholesome companionships. They were simple in their tastes and temperate in their habits. They were governed by principle, and they grew up pure and strong and true. When called to their lifework, they brought to it physical and mental power, buoyancy of spirit, ability to plan and execute, and steadfastness in resisting evil that made them a positive power for good in the world. {AH 134.2}
I have inquired, When will the youthful sisters act with propriety? But I know there will not be any decided change for the better until parents feel the importance of greater carefulness in educating their children correctly. They should teach them to act with reserve and modesty. They should educate them for usefulness, to be helps, to minister to others, rather than to be waited upon and ministered unto. Satan has the control of the minds of the youth generally. Fond parents, your daughters are not always taught self-denial and self-control. They are petted, and their pride is fostered. They are allowed to have their own way until they become headstrong and self-willed, and you are put to your wits’ end to know what course to pursue, to save them from ruin. Satan is leading them on to be a proverb in the mouths of unbelievers, because of their boldness, their lack of reserve and want of female modesty. {SA 153.3}
Ellen G. White, A Solemn Appeal. 1870; 2002 (153). Seventh-day Adventist Publishing Association.
Our health institutions are established to present the living principles of a clean, pure, healthful diet. The knowledge must be imparted in regard to self-denial, self-control. Jesus who made man and redeemed man, is to be held up before all who shall come to our institutions. The knowledge of the way to life, peace, health, must be given line upon line, precept upon precept, that men and women may see the need of reform. They must be led to renounce the debasing customs and practices which existed in Sodom and in the antediluvian world, whom God destroyed because of their iniquity. Said Christ, "But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be" (Matthew 24:37-39).
Manuscript Releases, Volume 1 (Nos. 19-96, 1941-1957). 1993; 2002 (280). Ellen G. White Estate.
When you are tempted to spend money for knickknacks, you should remember the self-denial and self-sacrifice that Christ endured to save fallen man. Our children should be taught to exercise self-denial and self-control. The reason so many ministers feel that they have a hard time in financial matters is that they do not bind about their tastes, their appetites and inclinations. The reason so many men become bankrupt and dishonestly appropriate means is because they seek to gratify the extravagant tastes of their wives and children. How careful should fathers and mothers be to teach economy by precept and example to their children! {AH 382.5}
White, E. G. (1952; 2002). The Adventist Home; Adventist Home (382). Review and Herald Publishing Association.
Temperance and self control8:55 AM [Factored from [[Temperance and self control]]] Anon - 1 changes - 251 hits
Temperance, Temperate. [Gr. egkrateia, “self-control”; egkrateuomai, “to exercise self-control”; egkratēs, “self-controlled”; and sōphrōn, “prudent” or “self-controlled.”] Terms appearing in the KJV with the archaic meanings of “self-control” and “self-controlled.” Self-control is one of the important Christian graces (Gal 5:23; 2 Pe 1:6; etc.). It is essential to victory in the Christian race, as it is in an athletic contest (1 Cor 9:25).
The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Dictionary; The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, Volume 8. 1979; 2002 (1093). Review and Herald Publishing Association.
People demonstrate great differences in their level of self-control. It can be affected because of illness and past experiences and it can be improved through the course of life.
Many religions have teachings about self control.
According to Logue, it is possible to examine the differences between individuals development of self-control by examining it as a function of culture. “By definition, cultures vary in terms of the experiences provided the people who are a part of these cultures. It is possible, therefore, that during development, people in different cultures acquire different degrees or types of self-control” (Logue, 1995).
With regards to Eastern culture, societies have described self-control as “yielding, letting go, acceptance, and nonattachment” (Logue, 1995). This difference between the descriptions of self-control from those in Western society are not due to differences in definition, but rather the difference in what is considered a large outcome worth exhibiting self-control for. Emphasis must be made on the importance placed on self-control by the two societies. In Japanese culture, “individual gratification is valued much less than is advancement of the fortunes of the group. This requires individuals to set aside their personal interests in order to work for the long-term goals of society” (Logue, 1995).
Examples of self control in eastern societies:
The samurai code, or ‘The Code of the Warriors’ also known as bushido, is a clear example of this.
Just as self-control in Western society seems to be decreasing (particularly in America), recent findings relating to a decrease in the rate of savings in Japan suggests that a similar trend may be surfacing. Looking at the rate of savings can provide insight into the long-term planning strategies of the cultures. With growing technology and globalization, previous differences between the two cultures may be disappearing.
Differing degrees of self-control can be seen when comparing Western and Eastern cultures.
In the United States, there appear to be strong tendencies for self-control and impulsivity. Western societies typically describe self control as, “goal-oriented productivity, assertiveness and instrumental doing”. Louge (1995) further states that, “self-control and resistance to temptation has long been part of Americans’ Judeo-Christian heritage. However, in recent decades, there has been concern that this early emphasis on self control may be dissipating”. This dissipation has been attributed to the “baby-boom” or, “me” generation of the 70’s & 80’s and the decreasing rate of savings by current members of this age. This decline in self-control has additionally been noted by Kelly Brownells’ research stating that in modern society, “the degree to which someone is judged as possessing self-control is significantly affected by the degree to which the person has a fit, thin body”(Brownell, 1991).
In the experimental analysis of behavior, research on self-control exists with rats, humans and pigeons. This work is based on the Assumption of generality. Personality researchers also seek to estimate individual differences in self-control, through self-report inventories, measuring delaying gratification, ego strength, or related constructs.
Human self-control8:36 AM [Factored from [[Human self-control]]] Anon - 1 changes - 275 hits
Human self-control research is typically modelled by using a token economy system in which human participants choose between tokens for one choice and usually more tokens for a delayed choice. Different results were being obtained for humans and non-humans, with the latter appearing to maximize their overall reinforcement despite delays, with the former being sensitive to changes in delay. The difference in research methodologies with humans - using tokens or conditioned reinforcers - and non-humans using sub_primary reinforcers suggested procedural artifacts as a possible suspect. One aspect of these procedural differences was the delay to the exchange period (Hyten et al 1994). Non-human subjects can, and would, access their reinforcement immediately. The human subjects had to wait for an "exchange period" in which they could exchange their tokens for money, usually at the end of the experiment. When this was done with pigeons they responded much like humans (Jackson & Hackenberg 1996).
Most of the research in the field of self control assumes that self control is in general better then impulsiveness. Some developmental psychologists argue that this is normal, and people age from infants, who have no ability to think of the future, and hence no self control or delayed gratification, to adults. As a result almost all research done on this topic is from this standpoint and very rarely is impulsiveness the more adaptive response in experimental design.
More recently some in the field of developmental psychology have begun to think of self control in a more complicated way that takes into account that sometimes impulsiveness is the more adaptive response. In their view, a normal individual should have the capacity to be either impulsive or controlled depending on which is the most adaptive. However, this is a recent shift in paradigm and there is little research conducted along these lines (Logue, 1995).
Pigeon self-control8:36 AM [Factored from [[Pigeon self-control]]] Anon - 1 changes - 264 hits
Pigeon self-control research is typically done in a delay-reduction paradigm innovated in the early 1970s. In this model of research two responses are made available simultaneously. Each response leads to a different outcome. One response typically leads to a smaller-reinforcement with a small or no delay from the selection of that response to the onset of the consequence. The other response is typically a larger-reinforcement which has some element of delay. In pigeons a common level of delay is as little as 6 seconds to qualify as "large". A typical small-reinforcer, small delay response might be a red key that produces 2 seconds of food access with no delay. A typical larger-reinforcer response might produce 6 seconds of food access, but only after 6 seconds of delay from that selection. To ensure that the delayed response represents an overall superior choice a delay of several seconds usually follows the smaller-reinforcement choice.
Rachlin, H., & Green, L. (1972). Commitment, choice and self-control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 15-22.
Ainslie, G. W. (1974). Impulse control in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21, 485-489.
Largely replicating the work of Mischel using pigeons instead of children, Grosch and Neuringer (1981) were able to affirm generality in pigeon and human self-control research by showing that the behavior of human children was accurately represented by pigeons presented with the same conditions.
Grosch J., & Neuringer, A. (1981). Self-control in pigeons under the Mischel paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 35, 3-21.
Rat self-control8:36 AM [Factored from [[Rat self-control]]] Anon - 1 changes - 247 hits
An example of the kind of important work done in rat self-control research might be Green & Estle's work.
Which demonstrated that the type of reinforcer can be an important variable in preference reversal as opposed to simply magnitude - a more typical research paradigm. Green, L., & Estle, S. J. (2003). Preference reversals with food and water reinforcers in rats. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 79, 233-242.
There are some qualities that symbolize adultness in most cultures. There is not always a correlation between the qualities and the physical age of the person.
The adult character comprises:
Main article: [Age of majority]Create?
Legally adulthood means that one can engage in, or be a party to, a contract. The same or a different minimum age may be applicable to:
According to Jewish tradition, adulthood is reached at age 13 (the age of the Bar Mitzvah), for Jewish boys, for example, were expected to demonstrate preparation for adulthood by learning the Torah and other Jewish practices. The Christian Bible and Jewish scripture has no age requirement for adulthood or marrying, which includes engaging in sexual activity. According to The Disappearance of Childhood by Neil Postman, the Christian Church of the Middle Ages considered the age of accountability, when a person could be tried and even executed as an adult, to be age 7.
Adulthood is generally understood as the time when physical maturation is complete. Some examples of physical maturation include when an individual reaches their maximum height and secondary sex characteristics form such as body hair and facial hair, voice lowers in pitch (especially noticeable in men), and menses begin (women).
Natural sleep patterns change in adulthood, as adults typically require less sleep than during adolescence.
One aspect people do not specify is what (psychologically) an adult is. A common theory is that adulthood is the real test of life, to experience the world from a first-person standpoint instead of through the parents. Then the adult can pass those experiences down to younger people and they can experience them when they become adults.